Overview
Abstract
Nigeria is the most populous country in Africa, with an estimated population of over 200 million.Based on the Nigeria Living Standards Survey2018-19, 40.1 per cent of this population (over 82 million people) live in poverty.Nigeria became an Alliance 8.7 pathfinder country in May 2021 as an expression of its commitment to achieve the SDG 8.7 to end child labour by 2025 and forced labour and human trafficking by 2030.
According to the latest global estimates, 25 million adults and children are in forced labour, including in global supply chains. Nigeria ratified several UN conventions with focus on eliminating forced labour, such as: the ILO Forced Labour Convention, 1930 (No.29),ILO Abolition of Forced Labour Convention, 1957 (No.105), and the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational
Organized Crime (2000). In line with the conventions, Section 34 of the 1999 constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, as amended, prohibits forced and compulsory labour for any employer. Any employer found guilty, the amendments attract penalty fees, fine, imprisonment or both.
To assess the prevalence of forced labour and to understand the root causes and determinants of these human rights violations, the Federal Republic of Nigeria, through the support of the ILO’s projects ACCEL Africa1 and MAP16,2 funded by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands and the United States Department of Labour, respectively, conducted in 2022, for the first time in its history, a national child labour and forced labour survey.The National Bureau of Statistics in collaboration with the Federal Ministry of Labour and Employment with technical support from ILO FUNDAMENTALS technical experts at the global, regional and national level, coordinated the survey from the stages of the design of survey instruments (e.g., questionnaires and sampling methods), the training of the field data collection personnel, the analysis of the survey data, interpretation of the findings and report writing.
The main purpose of this survey is to improve information on forced labour through data collection and in-depth analysis. The survey generated valid and reliable data on forced labour for the development of effective interventions and provision of important tools for designing, implementing, and monitoring effective policies and programmes to eradicate forced labour in Nigeria.
The survey has the following objectives:
- To assess the prevalence of forced labour among the adult population, to promote policies that aim at reducing forced labour, protecting the vulnerable and better supporting victims.
-To contribute to Nigeria’s commitment to SDG target 8.7 to eradicate forced labour, end modern slavery and human trafficking and secure the prohibition and elimination of the worst forms of child labour.
-To produce, present and disseminate to all stakeholders, a robust analysis of forced labour among Nigerian adult population, enhancing the knowledge and understanding required to promote sustainable actions against this practice.
In line with the above objectives, the survey module focussed on retrospective experience of adults, i.e., 18 years or older, in forced labour. The questionnaire covered forced labour experiences both in Nigeria and abroad.
It also captured information on the following:
-Demographic characteristics and socio-economic background of people who are victims of forced labour: age, gender, ethnicity, region of origin, educational level, among others.
-Characteristics of forced labour among the adult population: types and forms of forced labour, sector of work, working conditions andworkplace environment, circumstances of involuntary work and means of recruitment and coercion.
This report is made up of seven chapters with its content covering: definitions of forced labour according to the ILO Forced Labour Convention, 1930 (No. 29), legal standards backing the eradication of forced labour, national laws, measurements for statistical purposes, forced labour prevalence (Instantaneous estimates) among the adult population in Nigeria or abroad in the last five years, and sectoral composition of forced labour aggregated by economic activities and the overall population. The report also discussed the circumstances leading to involuntariness, means of recruitment and coercion, household, and community factors, correlated with forced labour and country (i.e., Nigeria or abroad) in which forced labour occurred.
Kind of Data
Sample survey data [ssd]
Units of Analysis
Individuals members 18 years of age and older within Households.
The National Forced Labour Survey is a household- based survey; the target population comprises households and individuals 18 years of age and older within households. It was conducted as a module in the child labour survey. The forced labour survey component is primarily concerned with persons subjected to work against their will or forced to work in a job they accepted under false promises, or to perform some tasks because of violence or threats. The survey was carried out to produce estimates at the national, regional and
state levels.
A total of 16,650 households from 1,110 enumeration areas (EAs) distributed across Nigeria's 36 states and Federal Capital Territory (FCT), Abuja were targeted. It covered both urban and rural households.
The target population comprises households and individuals 18 years of age and older within households subjected to work against their will or forced to work in a job they accepted under false promises, or to perform some tasks because of violence or threats
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